| CLUP GIS Guidebook | CLUP Guidebooks | ||
| [/td][td]In addition to the guide: | [/td][td] |
| CLUP Guidebook | CLUP Sector Studies | Volume 7
(Previous Series) | CLUP GIS Guidebook |
| [/td][td] | [/td][td]Only recommendations for conventional database management & other templates |
| CLUP Group | Municipalities Covered | Recommendations for GIS | |
| A | LGUs that shall comply with minimum requirements for the CLUP preparation | Municipalities/cities of IRA Class 4-6 without any other special classifications. This covers about 956 LGUs. | These municipalities/cities are estimated to have financial and staffing resources to build a basic GIS. For final classification, the HLURB Regional Office should prepare a list of the LGUs according to the above-shown recommended groupings, based on its experiences with concerned LGUs. This group includes majority of the LGUs, and is the main target user of the HLURB GIS Cookbook. |
| B | LGUs that shall comply with modest requirements for the CLUP preparation | Cities of IRA Class 4-6 and Municipalities/cities of IRA Class 1-3, This covers about 544 LGUs. | These cities and municipalities are estimated to have financial and staffing resources to build a modest GIS, and will find the HLURB GIS Cookbook very useful. |
| C | LGUs that shall comply with advanced requirements for the CLUP preparation | Cities of IRA Class 1-3 This covers about 117 LGUs. | These cities are estimated to have financial and staffing resources to build a sophisticated GIS without the need of the HLURB GIS Cookbook. |
ACTIVITIES: | DIGITAL MAPPING | PAPER MAPPING |
| PREPARATION | Initial version tedious to prepare but quick and efficient to monitor | Start from scratch every time |
| STORAGE | Digital Database Standardized and integrated, compact memory capacity | Different scales on different standards, voluminous and bulky |
| RETRIEVAL | Quick retrieval | Paper maps and tables |
| UPDATING | Automatic search and replace by computer | Manual check and revision |
| OVERLAY | Systematically done Faster integration of complex, multiple spatial and non spatial data sets | Expensive and time consuming |
| SPATIAL ANALYSIS | Faster | Time and energy consuming, slow |
| DISPLAY | Easier and faster to prepare Better quality Slow | Tedious and time-consuming |
| Information Product Checklist | Observation Made |
| Is the table defined as a CLUP data requirement in the (old) Guidelines? | No. Then why is it here? There is no clarification in the text as to why the table is included in the report. |
| Does the table have an index number? | Yes |
| Does the table have a title that corresponds to the table content? | Yes. However, is providing the proportion between Government and Private schools the most important indicator? If the gender disrowibution is more important, then the table should have been titled accordingly. |
| Is there a date of data in the table? | Yes. This makes it easy to access if the data is of immediate interest or obsolete |
| Is there a comprehensive ‘Source’ for the table? | Yes. However, the acronym should be known to everybody. There should be a list of acronyms included in the report. |
| Is the table referred to in the text? | No. However, the text is adjacent to the table. |
| Is the wording consistent? | There is no explanation distinguishing the difference between ‘secondary’ and ‘high school.” It also does not clarify the difference between a ‘public’ and a ‘government’ school. In order to avoid confusion, there should be consistency in the use of terms. Use only one term instead of two terms that mean the same. It would also be useful to add explanatory graphs to the text to increase the availability and understanding of definitions and standards, as shown below. |
| Does the table add something to the narrative text? | Not really, since it simply duplicates what is explained in the text. The only difference is that the text provides the percentage indicators. |
| Does the table data qualify as ‘information’? | No. The data in the table does not contain anything to compare with. The table presents a disrowibution of enrolment between private and public, and nothing more. It also presents a gender disrowibution, which again is not exrowaordinary. In other words, the table does not present comparative information that can be noted, showing for example some compliance to or deviation from standards, or some deficit in targets. The table does not warrant action on the part of the decision maker or user. |
| Is the table easy to work with? | No. It is done in MS Word and not in Excel, hence it cannot be manipulated easily. |
| Does the table have a rational layout? | Yes. However, there should be a row at the bottom showing the totals. |
| Does the table have a good design that facilitates reading? | It is possible to enhance the table design as shown in the example below. |
| Class | Average Annual Income (For The last 3 calendar years) |
| First | P 250 M or more |
| Second | P 170M or more but less than P 255 M |
| Third | P 120M or more but less than P 170 M |
| Fourth | P 70 M or more but less than P 120M |
| Fifth | P 35 M or more but less than P 70 M |
| Sixth | Below P 35 M |
| Class | Average Annual Income (For The last 3 calendar years) |
| Special | Per Presidential Decree No. 465 |
| First | P 250M or more |
| Second | P 155 M or more but less than P 250 M |
| Third | P 100 M or more but less than P 155M |
| Fourth | P 70 M or more but less than P 100 M |
| Fifth | P 35 M or more but less than P 70M |
| Sixth | Below P 35 M |
| 1 | Getting started |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap. Select the A New empty map option. |
| 1.2 | Click on to add the IS17_Tl2007 (transmission lines) layer to the work space. It is found in C:/ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA/02_IS/ folder. Click Add. Also add some base map features from the C:/ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA/00_BM/ folder such as barangays_bndry, Lake and Roads. To identify conflicts with residential/urban areas we need to add a land use layer. Add the LM01_ExiLu2007 layer from the /04_LM/ folder. |
| 1.3 | Rename the IS17_TI2007 layer to Transmission Lines. To do this, right-click on the layer in the table of content, select Properties. The Layer Properties window opens. Go to the General tab and type the new name in the Layer name field. (See image below.) Click OK. (You can also click on the layer in the table of content and type the new layer in the table of content without opening the Layer Properties window.) |
| 1.4 | Also rename LM01_ExiLu2007 to ‘Land use’ and barangays_bndry to ‘Barangay boundaries’. (Repeat step 1.3 on these layers.) |
| 1.5 | In the menu bar click File > Save As… to save a map document as buffering_v1 in /CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA/06_Workfolder/. Don’t forget to save your progress now and then throughout the exercise. |
| 2 | Applying Symbology |
| 2.1 | First of all arrange the layers in the following order (from top to bottom): Transmission lines, Roads, Barangay boundaries, Land use and Lake. Simply drag the layers in the table of content so that they are positioned in the correct order. |
| 2.2 | Open the Layer Properties window (refer to step 1.3 if you forgot how to do this) and go to the Symbology tab for the Transmission Lines layer. See image below. At the left, click on Categories and click Unique values, many fields. Then choose TL_VOLT from the first Value Fields list menu and TL_NAME from the second Value Fields list menu. Click the Add All Values button. |
| 2.3 | Uncheck the symbol for . Place the cursor over the words TL_VOLT, TL_NM in the Label-column. Click once. You can now edit the label to ‘Voltage (kV):’. In the same way rename the label for 230, Planned 2008 to ‘230 (planned’). Delete the comma after 69, 230 and 500. Click Apply. |
| 2.4 | Now right-click on 500 (in the Value column), select Properties for selected Symbol(s). The Symbol Selector window will open. (see image below). Click More symbols and select Forestry. To the left, search and select the T23 Pipeline 2 symbol. Choose width 9,00. Click OK. |
| 2.5 | (Back in the Layer Properties window, click Apply if you want to update the map.) Repeat step 2.4 on the other categories (other voltage). Use the same symbol but the size ‘7,00’ for 230 and 230 (Planned) and size ‘5,00’ for 69. Click Apply. |
| 2.6 | To be able to separate the planned distribution lines from the already existing ones, open the Symbol Selector window for 230 (Planned) once more. Click Properties. The Symbol Property Editor window appears. In the Layers box at bottom-left, select the line symbol (see image below). |
| 2.7 | Select Simple Line Symbol from the Type list menu. The settings in the window changes to Simple line. From the Style list menu, select Dotted, as seen in the image below. |
| 2.8 | Click OK and OK again. |
| 2.9 | Now go to the Symbology tab in the Layer Properties window for the Land Use layer. Click Import. The Import Symbology window opens. Select the first option "…from a layer file” and browse for landUse.lyr (found in /LM_04/ folder and click Add. Click OK in the Import Symbology window. The Import Symbology Matching Dialog window opens. Select ELU_TP from the Value Field list menu. Click OK. If this worked well the Symbology tab should now look like in the image below. If it didn’t work out, follow the procedure as in step 2.2 but select only Unique values and assign symbols based on the ELU_TP field (refer to 4.21.03 for proper color coding). |
| 2.10 | As you can see in the map, and from the order of the layers in the table of content, the Barangay boundaries layer covers the Land use layer (the nice palette in the land use layer cannot be seen in the map). Now, assign proper symbology for the Barangay boundaries layer – that is no fill-color (select No color and Boundary, neighborhood as outline symbol (click Properties in the Symbol Selector window and Outline in the Symbol Selector Editor window). A tip! Since you don’t need to categorize the symbology as in step 2.2-4 here, use this shortcut: Simply double-click on the symbol next to the layer’s name in the table of content, and the Symbol Selector window will appear right away. Assign the proper symbology from here. |
| If you add a polygon layer such as land use/coverage or built-up areas, this should be at the bottom. Then, polyline layers such as roads and rivers can be displayed atop on the polygon layer. This is also the reason why we assigned no fill-color to the Barangay boundary layer – the boundaries will now be shown atop of the other layers, whereas the barangays’ areas (or more correct: surfaces) will be completely transparent. | |
| 2.11 | Verify that your layers are in a correct order (so that all features are displayed properly) and also have proper symbology. To change the order, simply drag each layer up or down in the table of content. See image below. |
| 3 | Creating a Buffer |
| From the map we can see that the proposed new power line will cross through urban areas and it could be interesting to analyze the negative impact on existing urban settlements. The next step is therefore to do the buffering. Creating a buffer provides a visual representation on the map of the area within a certain distance of one or more features. We can also use the buffer to select features in other layers that fall within the buffered area.. | |
| 3.1 | In the menu bar click Tools > Customize. The Customize window opens (see image below). Go to the Commands tab and select Tools in the Categories box at the left. Click the Buffer Wizard icon in the Commands box to the right. Drag the icon and drop it in the Toolbar. Click Close. |
| 3.2 | Now click the Bufferd Wizard icon that you just dropped in the toolbar (). The Buffer wizard window appears (see image below). Select The features of a layer. In the list menu below, select Transmission Lines. Click Next. [/b]. |
| 3.3 | Refer to the image below. Select At a specified distance and type the distance. The buffer for a 500 kV transmission line is 65 m. Select Meters from the Distance units arelist menu. Click Next. |
| 3.4 | Refer to the image below: Select Yes to Dissolve barriers between. Select In a new layer. Specify output shapefile or feature class. Click on to define the output folder /CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA/06_Workfolder/ and type the filename ‘Transmission_lines_buffer_65m’. Click SavE then Finish. |
| 3.5 | Change symbology on the Transmission_lines_buffer_65m layer to a hatching symbol. You are now done with the exercise. The result will look something like this (zoomed in a bit where the planned transmission line starts): |
| It seems that the alignment of the will cause impact on substantial parts of the urban settlements. If an aerial photo or a cadastre dataset would have been available it would have been quite easy to point out what lots/parcels that will be affected. Maybe it is a good idea to try an alternative route for the new transmission line? |
| Disclaimer The objective of this tutorial is to get familiar with the GIS software. The tutorial only covers some parts that are being done In a real analysis. The results that are being displayed in the tutorial can’t be compared with the results a real analysis would generate. | |
| Introduction In this exercise we will use a template to make a base map. The main purpose for the exercise is to get familiar with the tools to modify a template and populate it with data and proper accessories. You can easily create your own template to use for your maps. It is also possible to edit an already existing template to your preferences. In this exercise, however, we will use the template prepared in the Cookbook. This template is set up for a landscape A3 print out map By the term CLUP Basemap we understand a map for background use. When using GIS, the base map features are put under other layers that are important for a specific analysis. We use the base map (features) to make it easy for the map user to locate sites and zones according to streets, rivers, districts, etc. | |
| 1 | Getting started |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap. A popup window with three options will appear (see image below). The options are: A new empty map A template An existing map |
| 1.2 | Choose A template. Then click OK. |
| 1.3 | Browse and select Basemap_Template(A3).mxt, then click Add, see image below. The file is found in the folder \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BI)\ . |
| 1.4 | The template will now appear in your workspace. Check what will happen by changing from Layout View to Data View. You can do this either by selecting View > Data View from the menu bar or by using the Data View or Layout View buttons, found at the bottom. During this tutorial you will be working in the Layout View when not otherwise noted. Change back to the Layout View. |
| 2 | Adding Data |
| 2.1 | Click on the add data button and browse for and select the following base map features: barangay_bndry (barangay boundaries) municipal_bndry (municipal boundaries) Lake Roads Rivers These shapefiles are found in this folder: CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BI)\. Click on Add. Now the map will appear as in the image below: |
| 3 | Saving a Map Document |
| 3.1 | In the menu bar, select File > Save As… Browse to CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA/ . Name the file basemap_v1 and make sure that the file type is ArcMap Documents. Click on Save. Don’t forget to save your progress now and then throughout the exercise. |
| 4 | Applying Symbology and Changing Names to Layers |
| It’s a very good idea that already in this step assign proper symbology to the layers that will constitute the base map. In our case, we won’t use any land cover features (e.g. land use). Due to this, there’s a risk that the map becomes too black-and-white and dull. By assigning a light color to the municipal_bndry, the areas belonging to the municipality will clearly be visible and separated from those belonging to adjacent municipalities. It’s also a good idea to rename the default layer names (that correspond to the actual file names) to more comprehensible names. | |
| 4.1 | In the table of Content, right-click on the municipal_bndry layer then select Properties. The Layer Properties window appears. |
| 4.2 | Go to the General tab. Rename municipal_bndry to ‘Municipal Boundary’. Click Apply. |
| 4.3 | Now go to the Symbology tab. Click on ---- and the Symbol Selector window appears. |
| 4.4 | Refer to the image below. In the Symbol Selector window, click on the small arrow next to Fill Color. A list box containing some colors appears (to the right in the image below). Select No Color (found at the top in the list box). |
| 4.5 | Now, still in the Symbol Selector window, click Properties. The Symbol Property Editor window appears. |
| 4.6 | Set the Outline width to 1.00. Now click Outline. |
| 4.7 | Select the Boundary, City symbol in the left of the window. (If you don’t find it, click More Symbols and select the ESRI library). Choose a dark-grey color. Click OK, then OK again. |
| 4.8 | Now, open the Layer Properties window for the Roads layer. Go to the Symbology tab. |
| 4.9 | Refer to the image below. In the Layer Properties window, click on Categories to the left and select Unique values . Select RD_CL From the Value Field list menu. Click Add All Values . |
| 4.10 | You can still refer to the image (now above). Uncheck the box in the symbol column for . Place the cursor in the Label column and delete RD_CL and rename municipal to ‘Municipal road’ and provincia to ‘Provincial road’. Click Apply. Note the changes on road symbology in the table of content. |
| 4.11 | Still in the Symbology tab of the Layer Properties window, double-click on the colored line (the actual symbol) in the symbol column in the municipal row. The Symbol Selector window opens. Select the Major Road symbol. Click OK. |
| 4.12 | Repeat step 4.11 on provincial road and select the Highway symbol. |
| 4.13 | Place the provincial road on top of the municipal road by using the arrows at the right in the Layer Properties window. Click OK. |
| 4.14 | The last thing is to assign to the symbology Barangay Layer. To do this, open the Layer Properties window for the Barangays_bndry layer. (First go to the General tab to rename the layer to ‘Barangays’.) Then go to the Symbology tab. |
| 4.15 | Follow same procedure in steps 4.4 to 4.6 but this time choose Boundary, Military Installation when selecting the outline symbol for the Barangay Boundary in step 4.6. |
| 4.16 | Click Apply and OK. As you can see the Municipal boundary is not seen very well. In the list of content, arrange the layers in the following order by dragging and dropping the layers: Municipal boundary, Roads, Rivers, Lake and Barangays. |
| 5 | Setting Data Frame Properties |
| Keep in mind that a printed map must have a logical and even scale (e.g. 1:10,000; 1:25,000; 1:50,000; 1:100,000), that is a scale that makes sense and is easy to use for calculation of real-world distances. When using any template you should find such a scale that will make the map features fill the data frame as much as possible. In our A3 template, the whole municipality will fit in a scale of 1:50,000. We don’t want to show the whole lake in the map. | |
| 5.1 | Set the map scale to 1:50,000 by using the map scale selector tool, found in the toolbar. |
| 5.2 | Right-click on the Data Frame in the table of content (a top of all layers) and select Properties. The Data Frame Properties window will appear. This window contains several tags. Go to the Data Frame tab, see image below. |
| 5.3 | Select Fixed scale and verify that this is 1:50,000. Click Apply then OK. Note that the map scale selector tool and the “normal” zooming tools in the toolbar now have been disabled. Instead, you will be served by the Layout toolbar zooming tools, see image below. (If the Layout toolbar hasn’t appeared on your workspace, get it by clicking View > Toolbars > Layout. You can drag and drop it to a suitable place in the workspace.) |
| 5.4 | Use the Pan tool in the normal toolbar () to move the map to its best position in the data frame. The Layout Pan tool () will move the whole template. The map should now look something like this: |
| 6 | Adding and Changing Text |
| 6.1 | Use the Select Elements tool (). Click on the text string that reads ‘MUNICIPALITY OF’. It should now appear in a box. This means that the text is selected. Either double-click or right-click and choose Properties. The Properties window will appear, see image below. |
| 6.2 | Make sure that you are in the Text tab. Type ‘MUNICIPALITY OF LERUAL’, then click Apply. |
| As you can see in the Properties Window, there are two tabs, Text and Size and Position. There are here a lot of text properties that can be adjusted to your personal preferences. Feel free to do that. Only a reminder! One advantage with using a template is that different maps get a similar layout. If you change a lot of properties, you better also save a new template file so that your other maps can have the same appearance. | |
| 6.3 | Repeat step 6 and 7 to change the appropriate text into ‘PROVINCE OF CANTANGAS’ and ‘Region IV C'. |
| 6.4 | Go to the menu bar. Select Insert > Text. A text box appears in the data frame. Type ‘BASE MAP’, then drag it with the mouse and place it below the text stating “Legend” (we will remove this later). Make it bigger by opening the Properties window for this text. Click Change Symbol… in the Text tab and choose text size 24. Click OK then OK again. The result should be something like below: |
| 7 | Inserting map elements |
| In the Insert menu you have some options to insert different map elements. (See image below.) In this exercise we will insert a scale bar, a north arrow and a legend. All elements are easy to drag and drop wherever you want to place them in the map. It is also possible to resize and reform them by selecting a corner of an element and dragging it. Also, you can use the Properties window for each element to change it according to your preferences. | |
| 8 | Inserting Scale Bar |
| 8.1 | Select Insert > Scale Bar. The Scale Bar Selector window appears. See image below. |
| 8.2 | Choose one of the scale bar types (for example scale line 1). |
| 8.3 | Click on Properties. The Scale Line Properties window opens. Here you can choose and try to find what properties could be assigned for a nice-looking scale bar. You will get a nice scale bar in the right information column of the template by using the settings below. |
| 8.4 | Go to the Scale and Unit tab. Select the following settings (also refer to the image below): Scale: Number of divisions: 3 Number of subdivisions: 2 When resizing: Adjust division value. Units: Division Units: Kilometers Label Position: below bar When you’re done with this click Apply. |
| 8.5 | Go to the Numbers and Marks tab. Select the following settings in both the Numbers and the Marks section in the window (also refer to image below): Frequency: divisions and first subdivisions. Position: Above bar When you’re done with this click Apply followed by OK and OK once more. |
| 8.6 | Drag the scale bar to a position similar to the one in the image below. Resize it so that you will have the marks on 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 kilometers. You can go back and change settings by right-clicking on the scale bar and selecting Properties. |
| 9 | Inserting North Arrow |
| 9.1 | From the menu bar, select Insert > North Arrow… The North Arrow Selector window opens. Select one type and feel free to change some properties. Click OK. |
| 9.2 | Drag the north arrow and place it in a similar position as shown in the image below. You can also resize it to your preferences. |
| 10 | Inserting Legend |
| You have probably already observed that a legend (together with scale text) has automatically been rendered by our template. This legend can be edited by clicking on the respective text box and dragging and dropping. You will in this step also try the alternative way to create a legend from scratch using the legend wizard. At the end of step 10 you can decide which legend you want to keep and thus delete the other one. | |
| 10.1 | Now you will insert a legend. First make sure that the layers are named in a comprehensible way. (You should already have done this in step 4 above) |
| 10.2 | Select Insert > Legend… The Legend wizard appears (see image below). |
| 10.3 | As default all the Map Layers (left) are automatically added to the Legend Items (right). Since we have decided to show each barangay with a separate color, we need to remove Barangays from Legend Items. Select Barangays and click on <. Sort the legend items in the following order by using the arrows (up/down) at the right: Municipal boundary, Roads, Rivers, Lake. Click Next. |
| 10.4 | In this step of the wizard you can change some text properties. Size 16 and font Arial will work fine. Click Next. |
| 10.5 | In this step of the wizard you can edit the legend frame properties. No legend frame is however necessary. Click Next. |
| 10.6 | In this step of the wizard you can edit the legend items properties. The Patch fields refer to the size of the symbol (point, line or polygon). Click Next. |
| 10.7 | In this last step of the wizard you can edit spacing in the legend. You can choose to change the settings or use the default settings. Click Finish. |
| 10.8 | The legend is added to the map. Drag it and place it at a suitable place at the right (compare to image below). If you’re not satisfied with the appearance of the legend, you can easily edit each legend item by clicking on it. You can also delete the legend and run the wizard again from the beginning. |
| 11 | Adding and Editing Barangay Names in the Map |
| 11.1 | In the table of contents, right-click on the Barangays layer and choose Label Features. If you have the “correct” settings, the barangay names are added to the map and placed on their default positions. If not, don’t hesitate. We’ll take care of this very soon. |
| 11.2 | Open the Properties window for the layer Barangays layer. (Right-click on the layer in the table of content and choose Properties.) Select the Labels tab, see image below. |
| 11.3 | Make sure that the Label features in this layer box is selected. From the drop-down menu to the Label Field, select NAME (which is the column that contains barangay names). You might also want to change the text size to 11. Click Apply, then OK. |
| 11.4 | ArcMap places the labels automatically. You might have to improve the positions of the labels if they are overlapping each other or important features in the map. (As for example the Poblacion1-5 barangays). To be able to place labels manually, switch to the Data View (View > Data View)(refer to step 1.4 above if you forgot how). Right-click anywhere in the map and select Convert labels to annotations. A window with the same name appears, see image below. |
| 11.5 | Set the following In the Convert labels to annotations window (also see image above). Select In the map. Select All features. Make sure that you have the Barangay boundaries layer. (If not, you need to exit the window and make sure that only this layer is set to label features.) Select Convert unplaced labels to unplaced annotations. Click Convert. |
| 11.6 | You might have to perform the drag and drop procedures in the Data view. Use the Select Elements tool () Adjust the annotations (the Barangay names) that need a better position by selecting, dragging and dropping them. You can also edit the font and size (and divide a name into two rows) separately by double-clicking on each annotation for the Properties window. Switch to the Layout view () now and then to verify how it turns out. |
| 12 | Inserting an Index Map |
| 12.1 | Go the menu bar. Select Insert > Data Frame. A new data frame will appear on the map. |
| 12.2 | Drag the new data frame to the index map box in the template. Resize it so that it fits in the box. |
| 12.3 | In the table of content, rename this new data frame to ‘Index Map’. (You could also remain the existing data frame to ‘Base Map Lerual’.) To do this, right-click on the data frame, choose Properties and the General tab and type the new name. |
| 12.4 | Click on to add the following layers to the Index Map data frame: Adj_municipalities Lake Municipal_bndry They are all found in this folder: CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BI)\. |
| 12.5 | Assign suitable color by opening the Symbology Selector window. (Refer to step 3.1-6 if you forgot how). The Lake layer ought to be assigned a lake-blue color. Assign a light grey color to the Municipal_polygon layer. This is done to highlight Lerual municipality in the index map for the sake of easier orientation for the map user. |
| 13 | Adding a Grid to the Map |
| 13.1 | Open the Data Frame Properties window for the Base Map Lerual data frame. (Refer to step 5.2 if you don’t remember how to do this.) Go to the Grids tab. Click New Grid… The Grids and Graticules wizard opens. |
| 13.2 | Select Graticule: divides map by meridians and parallels. Click Next. |
| 13.3 | This is the Create a graticule step: Select Tick marks and labels. Enter the intervals 0°2’0” for both latitude and longitude. Click Next. |
| 13.4 | No changes are necessary in Axes and Labels step. Click Next. |
| 13.5 | Create a graticule. Select Place a simple border at edge of graticule and Store as fixed grid that updates with changes to the data frame. Click Finish. |
| 13.6 | Back in the Data frame Properties window, click Apply, then OK. |
| 14 | Finalizing the Map Design and Composition |
| 14.1 | The last step will be to arrange all the elements so that you are satisfied with the result. (For example, enlarge the scale text, delete or changed default text in the text boxes at bottom-right of the template. At the end your design and styling of the map it could look like this: |
| If you have a map similar to the one above you have completed the exercise. Congratulations! |
| Disclaimer The objective of this tutorial is to get familiar with the GIS software. The tutorial only covers some parts that are being done In a real analysis. The results that are being displayed in the tutorial can’t be compared with the results a real analysis would generate. | |
| Introduction The Output map of this tutorial is a map showing the physical condition of the schools in the area and a 1000 meters buffer around the schools, illustrating the schools catchments area. All map layers are presumed to have been digitized, projected and georeferenced before proceeding to this tutorial. | |
| 1 | Getting started |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\ and type ‘Educational_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK. |
| 1.2 | Add the files………. . Click on the add data button and browse to C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BI and select the files. Barangay_bndry Lakes Municipal_bndry Roads Rivers Click OK. Click on the add data button and browse to C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\01_SE and select the files. SE19_SchTp2007 SE20_SchCap2007 Click OK. (See image below.) |
| 2 | Joining the tables |
| We are now going to join the table containing the schools (SE19) with the table containing the physical condition of the schools (SE20). Both these tables have one column in common and that is the SCH_ID column. We are joining these two tables based on this. | |
| 2.1 | In the layer menu right click on the school layer, select Joins and Relates>Join… In the field “What do you want to join to this layer?”, mark Join attributes from a table |
| 2.2 | In the field “Choose the field in this layer that the join will be based on”, mark SCH_ID |
| 2.3 | In the field “Choose the table to join to this layer, or load the table from disk”, mark SchCapYr1 |
| 2.4 | In the field “Choose the field in the table to base the join on:”, mark SCH_ID |
| 2.5 | Press the Ok button |
| 2.6 | Open up the attribute table of the school layer to see if the two tables have joined correctly. If they have done this, your attribute table should look like the one below. |
| 3 | Making selection by attributes |
| In this example we are analyzing the following aspects of the educational sector: Schools in fair, poor or critical condition. | |
| The schools physical condition Since none of the schools in the area are in critical condition, we only have to make two layers. One that contains schools in fair physical condition, and a second layer that contains schools in poor physical condition. To do this you have to do the following query. | |
| 3.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 3.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is the school layer. In the operator window type "SchCapYr1.SCH_CON" = 'Poor' |
| 3.3 | Press the Apply button |
| 3.4 | In the layer menu right click on the school layer, then > Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features. |
| 3.5 | Rename the newly created layer Schools in poor physical condition. The symbol for the new layer should be a yellow square |
| 3.6 | Repeat step 1-5 but change the operator window to "SchCapYr1.SCH_CON" = 'fair' in number 2. The symbol for schools in fair physical condition should be a green square When you have created the two new layers your screen should look like the one below. |
| 4 | Buffering |
| In this example we assume that the catchments areas of the schools are 1000 meters and therefore we create a circular buffer around the schools with a radius of 1000 meters. | |
| 4.1 | Open the Buffer Wizard >The features of a layer. |
| 4.2 | The selected layer is SE19_SchTp2007 |
| 4.3 | Press the next button. |
| 4.4 | Set the distance units to Meters. |
| 4.5 | Set the distance to 1000 meters in the bullet “At a specified distance |
| 4.6 | Press the next button |
| 4.7 | In the “buffer output type” mark yes to the question “Dissolve barriers between”. |
| 4.8 | In the bullet “specify output shapefile or feature class” as C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\01_SE _1000meter_buffer_of _schools |
| 4.9 | Press the Finish button |
| 5 | Presentation |
| The final step is to present the results of the analysis. The final products should be effectively communicating the findings to your audience. In most cases, the results of the GIS analysis can best be shown on a map. Charts and reports of selected data are two other ways of presenting the results. Charts and reports can be printed separately, be embedded in the CLUP narrative text or be placed on a map. The education analysis layers will be put on top of the Base Map. As recommended in Volume two, it is be overlaid with the population density map to show distribution of schools with respect to the number of people residing within an area: A zoomed screenshot of the map. |
| 1 | Getting started |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap. Select A new empty map. |
| 1.2 | Add the following layers to the workspace: Barangays_bndry Roads The first file is found in C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BI\ and the two other files are all found in the \02_IS\ folder. |
| 1.3 | Assign proper symbology to the layers and rename them in the list of content. Since we will digitize the road layers, assign a line symbol with a rather large width (e.g. 3,0). See image below. To start changing the symbology, either double-click on the layer symbol in the table of content or open the Layer Properties window and select the Symbology tab. |
| 1.4 | In the menu bar click File > Save As… to save a map document as road_analysis_v1 in C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\. Don’t forget to save your progress now and then throughout the exercise. |
| 2 | Creating a shapefile |
| 2.1 | Open ArcCatalog (click on in the ArcMap tool bar). |
| 2.2 | In the catalog tree, navigate to the C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\02_IS\ folder. In the menu bar click File > New > Shapefile… The Create New Shapefile window appears. |
| 2.3 | Type the Name ‘RdAnalysis’ and select Polyline as Feature Type. See image below. |
| 2.4 | Assign the same coordinate system as the RdMun layer. First click Edit… to open the Spatial Reference Properties window. Click Import, browse for the RdMun layer and click OK. See image below. |
| 2.5 | Click OK in the Spatial Reference Properties window. Click OK in the Create New Shapefile window. The new shapefile is created. |
| 3 | Digitizing |
| We will use GIS to show road segments that are in a critical or poor condition or have an inadequate width compare to road classification standards. The road will be digitized in segments where the nodes are defined at barangay crossings (so that the analysis can be used for comparisons between the barangays) and intersections with other roads (so network analyses can be made). In step 1.2 we added those files with road features and barangay boundaries to the workspace and we can thus proceed. A good way to generate the road condition data is to print a map and use the paper map to make a sketch where the nodes should be located which will be the road segments before you start with the screen digitizing. Then the actual conditions of these road segments could then be verified in the field before it is digitized. A unique numerical ID will also have to be written and assigned in the sketch as to make field surveying and filing up the information easier and would also allow to easily assigned to corresponding ID to features that will be digitized. | |
| 3.1 | Go back to the ArcMap window. (If you have closed it, you can start it again by clicking on in the ArcCatalog toolbar. If this is the case you also have to open the map document road_analysis_v1.mxd.) |
| 3.2 | Now it is time to add the shapefile we prepared for the analysis of the road condition. Click on and browse for RdAnalysis.shp. Click Add. Nothing is seen on the map although the RdAnalysis layer is activated to be shown. The reason for this of course that no roads have yet been digitized into the layer. If you open the attribute table to the shapefile, you will find it empty, compare to image below. Now it’s time to start digitizing. |
| 3.3 | If it’s not already visible, you need to open the Editor toolbar. In the menu bar click Tools > Editor. The Editor toolbar appears. Drag and drop it to a suitable place in the workspace (e.g. within the toolbar). |
| 3.4 | In the Editor toolbar, click Editor > Start editing. See image below. |
| 3.5 | Make sure that the settings are set to Create New Features and that the target layer is RdAnalysis. Click ??? |
| 3.6 | Set the snapping properties so that your digitizing effort will snap to vertices, along the line and the endpoints of both the RDAnalys_V1 and Roads layers and the edge of Barangay layer. In the editor menu, click Editor > Snapping… The Snapping Options appears between the table of content and your map (see image below). Select (check the corresponding box) according to what is mentioned above. You can now close the Snapping Options. The plan is now to digitize as indicated below. A RdAnalysis line segment’s nodes will be at changes in road condition, crossings with barangay boundaries or intersections with other roads. For this exercise, we will assume that the changes in road condition falls directly within the intersection of the road with barangay boundary and road other roads. Note also that the ID used is just the order of roads that are to be digitized (top to bottom) and sequential numbering is used to make the exercise simpler. |
| 3.7 | Zoom in to segment 1 to a scale about 1:15000 or use the scale selector and the pan tool. (Now it will be easier to digitize.) |
| 3.8 | Refer to the image below. Start (click once) at the barangay boundary and follow the road and click again after a small section. Continue to click once at points along the road. End at the crossing of the road leading south by double-clicking to finalize the road segment. The result is shown in the second image below: |
| 3.9 | Assign another symbology to the RdAnalysis layer, so that your digital effort is clearly seen in the map. Choose for example a red and wide line symbol. If you are not pleased with the result, use the redo button before you proceed with the next segment. Also get into the habit of saving (2) your work often. When you are finished or need to proceed with another GIS operation you should stop editing (1). Refer to image below. |
| 3.10 | Repeat step 3.8 on the other segments. Follow the order given in the sketch image just before step 3.7 above. When you’re done with this, your map should look something like this. |
| 3.11 | Click Editor > Stop Editing. |
| 4 | Assigning Road Segment ID to Conform with Attributes in the dBase File |
| 4.1 | Don’t close the editor. Open the attribute table by right-clicking on RdAnalysis in the list of content and selecting Open Attribute Table. The Attributes of RdAnalysis window appears. See image below. If you have followed the sketch above you should have ten segments in the table, each with its unique FID number. There is also another Id column that has zeros at the moment but needs to be identified in order to connect it with the attributes in the Excel/dBase tables. |
| 4.2 | So what ID should we give the segments? Well, there could be different alternatives. Here, we need to use the IDs that are found in the dBase file. decide to use the PSDG number of the barangay where the road segment is situated to give it its unique ID number. To facilitate we insert a name label for the barangays. In the table of content, right-click on the barangay boundary layer and select Properties. |
| 4.3 | The Layer Properties window appears (see image below). Go to the Labels tab. Select Label features in this layer. From the list menu to Label field select NAME. Click OK. The result will look something like the image below and you see that in this case the road passes the barangays of Niyugan, As-is, Poblacion 1 and Poblacion 4. The first segment is situated in a barangay named Niyugan, which has a barangay ID (0)1. We assume that we do not need to divide a road into more than 99 segments in a barangay. As this segment is the first we give it the unique ID of 101. |
| 4.4 | Make sure that you are still in editing mode. (If not choose Editor > Start Editing from the editor toolbar.) Return to or open the attribute table (refer to step 4.1 if needed). |
| 4.5 | Place the cursor in the first row in the Id column in the Attributes of RdAnalysis table window. Click once and type 1401 for FID0. (Since As-is barangay ID is 14 and this constitutes the first road segment in barangay.) |
| 4.6 | Providing that you digitized the same segments in the same order as in the sketch above, repeat step 4.5 on the other rows and assign Id according to the table/image below:. |
| 4.7 | Click Editor > Save Editing. |
| 4.8 | Also make sure to save the map document road_analysis_v1 by either clicking on in the toolbar or selecting File > Save in the menu bar. |
| 5 | Converting the Attribute Excel File to dBase Format |
| We will now work on the dBase Table with additional attribute data of the road. (This data has been captured on ground within a field survey and entered into an excel file.) When working with Excel, it is always recommended that ArcMap is closed (and vice versa). This is due to avoid accessing the same files from the two programs, which can lead to quite some problems. If you have a printed sketch map with the segments, also add the new Id numbers onto this map. | |
| 5.1 | Close ArcMap. Open Excel. |
| 5.2 | Open the file IS01_RdTp2007.xls found in C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\02_IS\. (See image below where, for example, the road segment with ID 101 is municipal road, has a gravel surface and is in a poor condition. |
| 5.3 | Select (highlight) the cells that will be found in the dBase file. (Place the cursor in cell B2 and drag it to cell H12.) From the excel menu bar, select Edit > Copy. |
| 5.4 | Open a new file. (Go to File > New then select New empty document.) Place the cursor in cell A1 and select Edit > Paste. See image below. |
| 5.5 | The head column must be in one line in dBase format. Select the cells constituting the column head (A1:G1). From the menu bar select Format > Column > AutoFit Selection. |
| 5.6 | Only one sheet is allowed in dBase. Remove Sheet 2 by right-clicking on the Sheet2 tab and selecting Delete. (See image below.) Repeat this procedure on Sheet 3: |
| 5.7 | Select only the cells with data (A1:G9). Select File > Save as… |
| 5.8 | In the Save As window, browse for the folder C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\02_IS\ and type the File name IS01_RdTp2007.dbf. From the Save as type menu list, select the DBF 4 (dBASE IV) (*dbf) option. Click Save. |
| 5.9 | Now a couple of alerts will appear one after each other. Simply click OK to the alert as below: |
| 5.10 | Click Yes to the alert below: |
| 5.11 | Click the exit button (1) and Yes (2) below. |
| 5.12 | Click OK again |
| 5.13 | Finally, click Yes. |
| 5.14 | Close Excel. |
| It’s always recommended to have Excel closed when you work with ArcGIS. If you want to revise a .dbf file you should close ArcGIS before you open Excel. | |
| 6 | Joining the dBase File to the Shapefile |
| 6.1 | Open ArcMap and the map document road_analysis_v1. |
| 6.2 | In the table of content, right-click on RdAnalysis and select Joins and Relates > Join… (see image below). |
| 6.3 | The Join Data window appears. (See image below.) You should have the following settings: 1.’ Id’ was the column head where you inserted the unique Ids for the road segments 2. ‘IS01_RdYr’ is the name of the dBase table you have prepared that contains the attribute information of the road segments. 3. RD_ID is the name of the column where the unique ID have been inserted 4. Click OK. |
| 7 | Viewing the Result of the Analysis |
| 7.1 | Open the attribute table for the RdAnalysis layer. As you can see, the columns from the dBase table have been intergrated. |
| 7.2 | To make the table easier to read we need to hide some columns and give proper alias. Open the Layer Properties window and go to the Fields tab. |
| 7.3 | Place the cursor on the first row (RDAnalysis.FID). This is ArcGIS’s column with little information value for us. Therefore, unselect the Visible box. (See image below.) |
| 7.4 | Repeat step 7.3 for the consecutive fields. If a field is selected visible, you should assign a more understandable Alias. Set the following fields to be visible and assign the respective alias: IS01_Rd_ - ‘Road Segment ID’ ISO1_Rd_ - ‘Road Classification’ Etc… |
| You have completed the exercise! Well done. You can now think of different ways to present the analysis. Test the “interactive presentation” by using the Identify tool on the Rd_analysis layer. Since you’ve set the fields display properties above and thus reduced redundant and unnecessary information, the result will be fairly easy to interpret for a “normal” computer user. |
| Disclaimer The objective of this tutorial is to get familiar with the GIS software. The tutorial only covers some parts that are being done In a real analysis. The results that are being displayed in the tutorial can’t be compared with the results a real analysis would generate. Introduction The Output map of this tutorial is a map showing all flooding hazards. This layer will be useful when you are making your hazards analysis later on. All map layers are presumed to have been digitized, projected and georeferenced before proceeding to this tutorial. | |
| 1 | Getting started |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\06_Workfolder\ and type ‘Flooding_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK. |
| 1.2 | Add the files……….. to ArcMap. . Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BM and select the file. barangays_bndry Lake municipal_bndry Rivers Roads Click OK. Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\03_EN and select the file. EN03_Fld Click OK. (See image below.) The shape file that contains the flooding also contains areas that are not affected by these hazards, see the picture below. If geohazards map is the source of flooding data, then all flooding indicated will be used as restriction. If other sources are used, where several degrees of flooding are specified, then you have to single out the areas that are severely flooded. In this example we use map with several degrees of flooding. |
| 2 | Making selection by attributes For this example we assume that areas that are hit by “Moderate seasonal flooding”, “Severe seasonal flooding” and “Waterlogged” are not suitable for future urban development. We have to make one new layer that contains the areas with “Moderate seasonal flooding”, “Severe seasonal flooding” and “Waterlogged”. |
| 2.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 2.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is EN03_Fld In the operator window type "FLD_TP" = 'Moderate flooding'. |
| 2.3 | Press the Apply button |
| 2.4 | In the method column. Change to “Add to current selection”. |
| 2.5 | Change the operator window to " FLD_TP " = 'Severe flooding' |
| 2.6 | Press the Apply button |
| 2.7 | Change the operator window to "FLD_TP" = 'waterlogged' |
| 2.8 | Press the Apply button. |
| 3 | Create a new layer for the selected features |
| 3.1 | In the layer menu right click on the floodinghazard layer, then > Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features. |
| 3.2 | Rename the newly created layer floodinghazard selection |
| 3.3 | Remove the EN03_fld layer |
| 4 | Save the floodinghazardselection layer as a shapefile To be able to use the layer containing the selected types of floodinghazards in another template, you have to save the layer as a shapefile. |
| 4.1 | In the layer menu right click on the floodinghazardselection layer,then > Data> Export Data. |
| 4.2 | Chose “All features” in the Export field |
| 4.3 | Mark the “Use the same Coordinate system as this layer’s source data” bullet. |
| 4.4 | In the row “specify output shapefile or feature class” save as C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\03_EN \floodinghazardselection |
| 4.5 | In the “Save as type”, chose shapefile |
| 4.6 | Press the save button |
| 4.7 | Press the Ok button |
| 4.8 | You will be given a question if you want to add the exported data to the map as a layer. Press No. The shapefile that you just created containing the unsuitable flooding areas are going to be used when you create the geohazards layer. |
| Disclaimer Disclaimer: The objective of this tutorial is to get familiar to the GIS software. The tutorial only covers some parts that are being done In a real analysis. The results that are being displayed in the tutorial can’t be compared with the results a real analysis would generate. Introduction Introduction The Output map of this tutorial is a map showing hazards caused by erosion. This layer will be useful when you are making your hazards analysis later on. All map layers are presumed to have been digitized, projected and georeferenced before proceeding to this tutorial |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\ CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\06_Workfolder \ and type ‘Erosion_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK. |
| 1.2 | Click on the add data button and browse to C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BM and select the files: barangays_bndry Lake municipal_bndry Rivers Roads Click OK. Click on the add data button and browse to C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BM and select the file: EN04_Erosn Click OK. (See image below.) The shape file that contains the erosion hazards also contains areas that are not affected by these hazards, see the screenshot below. |
| 2.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 2.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is EN04_Erosn. In the operator window type "EROSN_TP" = 'Moderate erosion”. |
| 2.3 | Press the Apply button. |
| 2.4 | In the method column. Change to “Add to current selection”. Change the operator window to “EROSN_TP" = 'Severe erosion' |
| 2.5 | Press the Apply button. |
| 3.1 | In the layer menu right click on the erosionhazard layer, then> Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features. |
| 3.2 | Rename the newly created layer erosion hazard selection |
| 3.3 | Remove the EN04_Erosn layer |
| 4.1 | In the layer menu right click on the erosionhazardselection layer,then > Data> Export Data. |
| 4.2 | Chose “All features” in the Export field |
| 4.3 | Mark the “Use the same Coordinate system as this layer’s source data” bullet |
| 4.4 | In the row “specify output shapefile or feature class” save as C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\03_EN\erosionhazardselection In the “Save as type”, chose shapefile |
| 4.5 | Press the save button |
| 4.6 | Press the Ok button |
| 4.7 | You will be given a question if you want to add the exported data to the map as a layer. Press [/b]No |
| 1.1 | Open ArcMap, select a new empty map. You will now save the map file. Click on File>Save as… in the menu bar. Browse to the folder C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\06_Workfolder and type ‘risk_and_suitability_v1.mxd’. Click Save/OK |
| 1.2 | Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\00_BM and select the files: barangays_bndry Lake municipal_bndry Rivers Roads Click OK. Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\03_EN and select the file: Hazards_total Click OK. Click on the add data button and browse to C:\ \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\04_LM and select the files: LM04_Cl (land classification) LM07_Safdz Click OK. (See image below.) |
| 2.1 | The land classification layer has to be categorized. |
| 2.2 | In the table of contents, double click on the LM04_Cl > Symbology >Categories. |
| 2.3 | Choose “Unique values” |
| 2.4 | In the “Value Field” chose “CL_TP” |
| 2.5 | Press the “Add all values” button |
| 2.6 | Press the Apply button |
| 2.7 | Press the Ok button |
| 3.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 3.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is the landclass layer. In the operator window type "CL_TP" = 'Alienable & Disposable' |
| 3.3 | Press the Apply button |
| 3.4 | In the layer menu right click on the LM04_Cl, then> Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features |
| 3.5 | Rename the newly created layer alienable and disposable |
| 4.1 | In the layer menu, right click on the layer alienable and disposable>Save As Layer File |
| 4.2 | Name the layer alienableanddisposable.lyr |
| 4.3 | Press the Save button |
| 8.1 | Open up the SAFDZ layer. The layer contains Agro-Forestry Zone, Agusan River, Built-up areas, Crop Development zone, Fishery development zone, Remaining NPAAAD and Watershed/Forestry zone. The only one that is fully protected and therefore not suitable for future development is the “Remaining NPAAAD”. The next step is to create a layer that only contains the “Remaining NPAAAD”. |
| 8.2 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 8.3 | The layer that we are making our selection from is the landclass layer. In the operator window type "SAFDZ_TP" = '8 - Remaining NPAAAD' |
| 8.4 | Press the Apply button |
| 8.5 | In the layer menu right click on the SAFDZ layer, then > Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features |
| 8.6 | Rename the newly created layer Remaining NPAAAD |
| 9.1 | Open up the ArcToolbox window , then Analysis tools >Overlay >Union. |
| 9.2 | Double click on Union and a window like the one below should pop up. |
| 9.3 | In output features select the layers “hazards_total” and “remaining NPAAAD”. |
| 9.4 | In the field Output Feature Class, name the output file unsuitable areas_total |
| 10.1 | In the layer menu, right click on the layer unsuitable areas__total, then >Open attribute table |
| 10.2 | Click on options > Add Field |
| 10.3 | Name the field Unsuit. Type=Text and Length=3 |
| 10.4 | Right click on the header of the Unsuit column, then >Calculate Values. |
| 10.5 | In the operator window, type the word “yes” |
| 10.6 | Press the Ok button |
| 11.1 | Open up the ArcToolbox window , then Analysis tools >Overlay >Union. |
| 11.2 | Double click on Union and a window like the one below should pop up. |
| 11.3 | In output features select the layers ”unsuitable areas__total” and “Alienable & disposable” |
| 11.4 | In the field Output Feature Class, name the output file unsuitable areas__and_AandD |
| 12.1 | Open the selection menu >selection by attribute |
| 12.2 | The layer that we are making our selection from is unsuitable areas__and_AandD. In the operator window type "CL_TP" = 'Alienable & Disposable' AND “unsuit” <> ‘yes’. |
| 12.3 | Press the Apply button |
| 12.4 | As you can see the query is dependent of two criteria’s. The first is that it is Alienable & Disposable. And the second is that the area is not unsuitable. The <> means not. So in plain text the query above says that the selected areas will be A&D and not unsuitable. |
| 13.1 | In the layer menu right click on the unsuitable areas_and_AandD layer, then> Selection >Create Layer From Selected Features. |
| 13.2 | Rename the newly created layer Suitable areas for future urban development |
| 13.3 | Now you have made a layer that only contains A&D areas that is not affected by unsuitable areas. When you put this layer on top of the base map layer, your map should look like the one below. |
| 1. | Open ArcMap and add the LM01_ExiLu.shp layer to the workspace. It is found in the folder C:\CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\04_LM\ The red-green-color coding (RGB) is handy to work with on computers, since most programs define colors as a mixture of these three colors. In ArcGIS those codes are accessible through a special Color Selection Window. The complete recommended color-coding is found in Annex 4-3 of Volume 1. Below follows an extract from the Annex. |
| 1.2 | In the table of content, right-click on LM01_ExiLu, then select Properties. On your screen the Layer Properties window will appear. Select the Symbology tab. |
| 1.3 | See image below. Click on Categories at the left and select Unique values. From the Value Field list menu select ELU_TP. Click Add All Values. |
| 1.4 | Uncheck the symbol for . Place the cursor over the word ELU_TP in the Label-column. Click once. You can now edit the label to 'Land Use Category'. Click Apply, then OK. Verify that your screen looks like below (don’t mind if the color scale is different): |
| 1.5 | Save a map document. Click File > Save as in the menu bar. Name the new file ‘draft_clup_v1’ and save it in the \CLUP_EXERCISE_DATA\06_Workfolder\ folder. Don’t forget to save your progress now and then throughout the exercise. |
| 2 | Assigning Recommended Colors |
| 2.1 | Now we will assign the correct color to the first category. Open the Layer Properties window, Symbology tab. Right-click on AGRICULTURAL and click Properties for selected Symbol(s). The Symbol Selector window will open. In the Options box click on the small arrow next to Fill color (see image below): |
| 2.2 | Then select More colors… at the bottom. Now the Color Selector window opens (see image below). Type in the RGB code for Agriculture “0,150,0” or use the selector bar arrows. Then click OK and OK once more. |
| 2.3 | Repeat the same procedure in step 2.1 and 2.2. For each category, assign the color according to the recommended palette in Annex 4-3. Your table of content and workspace should now look like this: |
| 3 | Arranging Categories |
| 3.1 | You can now arrange the land use categories in a better order. Open the Layer Properties window, go to the Symbology tab. Simply use the arrows at the right of the categories to move one category up or down. Follow the order given by Annex 4-3. Your table of content should after this have the same appearance as shown in image below: |
| 4 | Assigning Symbology |
| If you have studied the Annex 4-3, forest and water use areas will have the same color for sub-categories. However, it’s recommended to separate categories with symbols. This is also the recommendation for the different forest areas. | |
| 4.1 | Open the Layer Properties window and go to the Symbology tab. Right-click on Mangrove Forest and select Properties for selected Symbol(s)… The Symbol Selector window will now open. Click on Properties. The Symbol Properties Editor window appears. |
| 4.2 | In the Type list menu, select Picture Fill Symbol. See image below. |
| 4.3 | Click OK. Now browse and select the mangrove bitmap file. If ArcGIS did not take you to the correct folder at once, the path is usually something like C:\Program Files\ArcGIS\Bin\Styles\. Click OK. |
| 4.4 | See image below. Now select “Grey 70%” as foreground color. Click on the small arrow beside Foreground color and select the color in the first column’s third row from the bottom. If you use the Color Selector, the RGB code is 78,78,78. |
| 4.5 | Now, make sure that the Background Color is set on RGB '175,215,230'. Click OK to close the Symbol Property Editor window. |
| 4.6 | Click OK. |
| [td]Do you read this and have completed all the steps above? You are finished with the exercise. Well done! |
| CODE NAME | Description |
| A&D | Alienable and Disposable |
| BBIM | Barangay Boundary Index Map/s |
| BI | Base Map |
| BSWM | Bureau of Soils and Water Management |
| CAD | Computer Aided Design |
| CADC | Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim |
| CALT | Certificate of Ancestral Land Title |
| CARP | Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program |
| CBD | Central Business District |
| CBMS | Community Based Monitoring System |
| CDP | Community Development Plan |
| CD-ROM | Compact Disk - Read Only Memory |
| CEO | Chief Executive Officer |
| CLOA | Certificate of Land Ownership Award |
| CLUP | Comprehensive Land Use Plan |
| CPDO | City Planning and Development Officer |
| DA | Department of Agriculture |
| DAO | DENR Administrative Order |
| DBMS | Data Base Management System |
| DENR | Department of Environment and Natural Resources |
| DILG | Department of Interior and Local Government |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| ELA | Executive Legislative Agenda |
| EM | Environment |
| FMB | Forest Management Bureau |
| GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
| GIO | Geographic Information Officer |
| GIS | Geographic Information System |
| GIT | Geographic Information Technology |
| GPS | Global Positioning System |
| HLURB | Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board |
| HLURB | CO Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board Central Office |
| IATFGI | Inter-Agency Task Force Geographic Information |
| ID | Identification |
| IPC | Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines |
| IPD | Information Product Description |
| IRA | Internal Revenue Allotment |
| IS | Infrastructure |
| ISF | Integrated Social Forest |
| IT | Information Technology |
| JPEG | Joint Photographic Experts Group |
| LAN | Local Area Network |
| LC | Land Classification |
| LCE | Local Chief Executive/s |
| LDIP | Land Development Investment Plan |
| LGU | Local Government Unit |
| LM | Land-use Management |
| LMB | Land Management Bureau |
| LRA | Land Registration Authority |
| MBIM | Municipal Boundary Index Map/s |
| MDG | Millenium Developemt Goals |
| MIMS | Municipal Index Maps |
| MPDC | Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator |
| MPDO | Municipal Planning and Development Office |
| NAMRIA | National Mapping and Resource Information Agency |
| NGA | National Government Agencies |
| NHI | National Historical Institute |
| NIPAS | National Integrated Protected Areas System |
| NSCB | National Statistical Coordination Board |
| NSO | National Statistics Office |
| OCR | Optical Character Recognition |
| PAWB | Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau |
| PBS | Political Boundary Survey |
| PC | Personal Computer |
| PCLUP | Provincial Comprehensive Land Use Plan |
| PIMS | Provincial Index Maps |
| POPCOM | Population Commission |
| PPCS | Philippine Plane Coordinate System |
| PPFP | Provincial Physical Framework Plan |
| PRS 92 | Philippine Reference System of 1992 |
| PSGC | Philippine Standard Geographic Code |
| PSIC | Philippine Standard Industrial Code |
| PTM | Philippine Transverse Mercator |
| SAFDZ | Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones |
| SB | Sangguniang Bayan |
| SE | Socio-economic |
| SP | Sangguniang Panlalawigan |
| SURP | School of Urban and Regional Planning |
| SW | Software |
| TIFF | Tagged Image File Format |
| TOR | Terms of Referrence |
| TRANSCO | National Transmission Corporation |
| UPS | Uninterrupted Power Supply |
| USB | Universal Serial Bus |
| UTM | Universal Transverse Mercator |
| WAN | Wide Area Network |
| WGS 84 | World Geographic System of 1984 |
| ZO | Zoning Ordinance |
TERM | DEFINITION |
| Aerial Photographs | Photographs mounted from above where the camera is mounted on an aircraft |
| Agrarian Reform Community | is a barangay at the minimum or a cluster of contiguous barangays where there is a critical mass of farmers or farm workers and which features the main thrust of agrarian development land tenure improvement and effective delivery of support services |
| Agricultural Lands | refers to lands devoted to or suitable for the cultivation of the soil, planting of crops, growing of trees, raising of livestock, poultry, fish or aquiculture production, including the harvesting of such farm products, and other farm activities and practices performed in conjunction with such farming operations by persons whether natural or juridical and not classified by the law as mineral land, forest land, residential land, commercial land, or industrial land. |
| Agricultural Land Use Conversion | refers to the process of changing the use of agricultural land to non-agricultural uses. |
| Agricultural Sector | is the sector engaged in the cultivation of the soil, planting of crops, growing of fruit trees, raising of livestock, poultry, or fish, including the harvesting and marketing off such farm products, and other farm activities and practices. |
| Agricultural Mechanization | is the development, adoption, manufacture and application of appropriate location-specific, and cost-effective agricultural technology using human, animal, mechanical, electrical and other non-conventional sources of energy for agricultural production and post-harvest operations consistent with agronomic conditions and for efficient and economic farm management. |
| Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization | is the process of transforming the agriculture and fisheries sectors into one that is dynamic, technologically advanced and competitive yet centered on human development guided by the sound practices of sustainability and the principles of social justice. |
| Agro-Processing Activities | refers to the processing of raw agricultural and fishery products into semi-processed or finished products which include materials for the manufacture for food and/or non-food products, pharmaceuticals and other industrial products. |
| Alienable and Disposable Lands | those lands of the public domain which have been the subject of the present system of classification and declared as not needed for forest purposes. |
| Ancestral Domain | Subject to Section 56 hereof, refer to all areas generally belonging to ICCs/IPs comprising lands,inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources therein, held under a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, themselves or through their ancestors, communally or individually since time immemorial, continuously to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government projects or any other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private individuals, corporations, and which are necessary to ensure their economic, social and cultural welfare. It shall include ancestral land, forests, pasture, residential, agricultural, and other lands individually owned whether alienable and disposable or otherwise, hunting grounds, burial grounds, worship areas, bodies of water, mineral and other natural resources, and lands which may no longer be exclusively occupied by ICCs/IPs but from which their traditionally had access to for their subsistence and traditional activities, particularly the home ranges of ICCs/IPs who are still nomadic and/or shifting cultivators; |
| Attribute Data | describes characteristics of the spatial features. These characteristics can be quantitative and/or qualitative in nature. Attribute data is often referred to as tabular data Banks, collective used, means government banks and private banks, rural banks and cooperative banks. |
| Basic Needs Approach to Development | involves the identification, production and marketing of wage goods and services for consumption of rural communities. |
| Cadastral Map | Maps generated from Cadastral Survey |
| Communal Irrigation System (CIS) | is an irrigation system that is managed by a bona fide Irrigators Association. |
| Competitive Advantage | refers to competitive edge in terms of product quality and/or price. It likewise refer to the ability to produce a product with the greatest relative efficiency in the use of resources. |
| Cooperatives | refers to duly registered associations of persons with a common bond of interest who have voluntarily joined together to achieve a lawful common social and economic end, making equitable contributions to the capital required and accepting a fair share of the risks and benefits of the undertaking in accordance with universally accepted cooperatives principles. |
| Coping capacity: | Capacity refers to the manner in which people and organizations use existing resources to achieve various beneficial ends during unusual, abnormal, and adverse conditions of a disaster event or process. The strengthening of coping capacities usually builds resilience to withstand the effects of natural and other hazards. |
| Damage | The amount of destroyed or damaged property asset, the injury of people and environment as a consequence of an occurred hazard. |
| Damage potential | The amount of property asset in a threatened area. |
| Disaster | A hazard might lead to a disaster. A disaster by itself is an impact of a hazard on a community or area – usually defined as an event that overwhelms that capacity to cope with. |
| Economic Scale | refers to the minimum quantity of volume of goods required to be efficient. |
| Economies of Scale | refers to the decrease in unit cost as more units are produced due to the spreading out of fixed costs over a greater number of units produced. |
| Empowerment | involves providing authority, responsibility and information to people directly engaged in agriculture and fishery production, primarily at the level of the farmers, fisher folk and those engaged in food and non-food production and processing, in order to give them wider choices and enable them to take advantage of the benefits of the agriculture and fishery industries. |
| Exposure | The economic value or the set of units related to each of the hazards for a given area. The exposed value is a function of the type of hazard. |
| Extension Services | refers to the provision of training, information, and support services by the government and non-government organizations to the agriculture and fisheries sectors to improve the technical, business, and social capabilities of farmers and fisher folk. |
| Farmer’s and Fisherfolk’s Organizations or Associations | refer to farmers and fisher folks cooperatives, associations or corporations duly registered with appropriate government agencies and which are composed primarily of small agricultural producers, farmers, farm, workers, agrarian reform beneficiaries, fisher folk who voluntarily join together to form business enterprises or non-business organizations which they themselves own, control and patronize. |
| Farm-to-Market Roads | refer to roads linking the agriculture and fisheries production sites, coastal landing points and post-harvest facilities to the market and arterial roads and highways. |
| Fisheries | refers to all systems or networks of interrelated activities which include the production, growing, harvesting, processing, marketing, developing, conserving, and managing of all aquatic resources and fisheries areas. |
| Fisheries Sector | is the sector engaged in the production, growing, harvesting, processing, marketing, developing, conserving, and managing of aquatic resources and fisheries areas. |
| Fishing | refers to the application of techniques using various gear in catching fish and other fisheries products. |
| Fishing Grounds | refers to areas in any body of water where fish and other aquatic resources congregate and become target of capture. |
| Food Security | refers to the policy objective, plan and strategy of meeting the food requirements of the present and future generations of Filipinos in substantial quantity, ensuring the availability and affordability of food to all, either through local production or importation, of both, based on the country’s existing and potential resource endowment and related production advantages, and consistent with the over all national development objectives and policies. However, sufficiency in rice and white corn should be pursued. |
| Forest Land | the permanent forest or forest reserves, and forest reservations. |
| Fresh Agricultural And Fishery Products | refers to agricultural and fisheries products newly taken or captured directly from its natural state or habitat, or those newly harvested or gathered from agricultural areas or bodies of water used for aquiculture. |
| Geohazard Maps | maps showing the location of areas prone to Geohazards like volcanoes, tsunami, landslide, earthquake, ground subsidence and storm surges. |
| Georeferencing | Assigning map coordinates to an image. Usually involves resampling of pixels to extrapolate the values for the new pixels |
| Geospatial Data | also known as spatial data or geographic information. Refers to information that identifies the geographic location of natural or constructed features and boundaries on the earth, including the oceans. This information is available to University students, faculty and staff either via the GIS office in the Library, or, for some software, via a public or home computer via the GIS website. |
| Global Competitiveness | refers to the ability to compete in terms of price, quality and value of agriculture and fishery products relative to those of other countries. |
| Gross Value-Added | refers to the total value, excluding the value of non-agricultural of fishery intermediate inputs, of goods and services contributed by the agricultural and fisheries sectors. |
| Hazard typology | The hazard typology clusters hazards that are somehow interrelated to each other. It is a basis for the development of the typology of regions. |
| Head works | refers to the composite parts of the irrigation system that divert water from natural bodies of water such as river, streams, and lakes. |
| Hazard | A property or situation that in particular circumstances could lead to harm. More specific, a hazard is a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity, which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Hazards can be single, sequential or combined in their origin and effects. Each hazard is characterized by its location, intensity and probability. |
| Industrial Dispersal | refers to the encouragement given to manufacturing enterprises to establish their plants in rural areas. Such firms normally use agricultural raw materials either in their primary or intermediate state. |
| Information Products | refers to the instructional components needed to present a CLUP Step in a comprehensive way. They consist of tables, graphs and maps in both digital and paper-based formats. |
| Irrigable Lands | refers to lands which display marked characteristics justifying the operation of an irrigation system. |
| Irrigated Lands | refers to lands services by natural irrigation or irrigation facilities. These include lands where water is not readily available as existing irrigation facilities need rehabilitation or upgrading or where irrigation water is not available year-round. |
| Irrigation System | refers to a system of irrigation facilities covering contiguous areas. |
| Irrigators’ Association (IA) | refers to an association of farmers within a contiguous area served by a National Irrigation System or Communal Irrigation System. |
| Land Classification | classify the lands of the public domain into: (a) Alienable or disposable, (b) Timber, and (c) Mineral lands, |
| Land Classification Map | Map showing the land classification done by NAMRIA Land Cover |
| Land Use | refers to the manner of utilizing the land, including its allocation, development and management. |
| Land Use Plan | refers to a document embodying a set of policies accompanied by maps and similar illustrations which represent the community-deserved pattern of population distribution and a proposal for the future allocation of land to the various land-using activities, in accordance with the social and economic objectives of the people. It identifies the location, character and extent of the area’s land resources to be used for different purposes and includes the process and the criteria employed in the determination of the land use. |
| Land Use Planning | “” refers to the act of defining the allocation, utilization, development and management of all lands within a given territory or jurisdiction according to the inherent qualities of the land itself and supportive of sustainable, economic, demographic, socio-cultural and environmental objectives as an aid to decision-making and legislation. |
| Land-use planning | Land-use Planning creates policies at the local/municipal level that guide how the land (inside the administrative borders of a municipality) and its resources will be used. The main instrument of land-use planning is zoning or zoning ordinances, respectively. Land-use planning is situated below the regional planning level. |
| Liquefaction | The process in which a solid (soil) takes on the characteristics of a liquid as a result of an increase in pore pressure and a reduction in stress. In other words, solid ground turns to jelly. |
| Losses | The amount of realized damages as a consequence of an occurred hazard. |
| Main Canal | refers to the channel where diverted water from a source flows to the intended area to be irrigated. |
| Market Infrastructure | refers to facilities including, but not limited to, market buildings, slaughterhouses, holding pens, warehouses, market information centers, connecting roads, transport and communication and cold storage used by the farmers and fisher folk in marketing their produce. |
| Metadata | Data about data. Includes information describing aspects of actual data items, such as name, format, content, and the control of or over data. |
| Mineral Lands | refer to those lands of the public domain which have been classified as such by the Secretary of Natural Resources in accordance with prescribed and approved criteria, guidelines and procedure. |
| Mitigation or disaster mitigation | A proactive strategy to gear immediate actions to long-term goals and objectives. |
| Municipal Waters | “Include not only streams, lakes and tidal waters include within the municipality, Guidebook on Sustainable not being the subject of private ownership, and not comprised within national Coastal Land Use Planning & parks, public forest, timber lands, forest reserves, but also marine waters include Management 1977 between two lines drawn perpendicularly to the general coastline from points where the boundary lines of the municipality or city touch the sea at low tide and a third line parallel with the general coastline and fifteen (15) kilometers from it. Where two (2) municipalities are so situated on the opposite shores that there is less than (15) kilometers of marine waters between them, the third line shall be equally distant from opposite shores of the respective municipalities” (Section 131{r}, Republic Act No. 7160) |
| National Information Network (NIN) | refers to an information network which links all offices and levels of the Department with various research institutions and local end-users, providing easy access to information and marketing services related to agriculture and fisheries. |
| National Irrigation System (NIS) | refers to a major irrigation system managed by the National Irrigation Administration. Network of Protected Areas for Agricultural and Agro-industrial Development (NPAAAD refers to agricultural areas identified by the Department through the Bureau of Soils and Water Management in coordination with the National Mapping and Resources Information Authority in order to ensure the efficient utilization of land for agriculture and Agro-industrial development and promote sustainable growth . The NPAAAD covers all irrigated areas, all irrigable lands already covered by irrigation projects with firm funding commitments; all alluvial plain land highly suitable for agriculture whether irrigated or not; Agro-industrial crop lands or lands presently planted to industrial crops that support the viability of existing agricultural infrastructure and agro-based enterprises, highlands, areas located at an elevation of five hundred (500) meters or above and have the potential for growing semi temperate and high-value crops; all agricultural lands that are ecological fragile, the conversion of which will result in serious environmental degradation, and mangrove areas and fish sanctuary/ies. |
| On-Farm Irrigation Facilities | refers to composite facilities that permit entry of water to paddy areas and consist of farm ditches and turnouts. |
| Orthophoto | An aerial photo that has been corrected to eliminate the effects of camera tilt and relief displacement. The ground geometry is recreated as it would appear from directly above each and every point. |
| Preparedness | Readiness for short term activities, such as evacuation and temporary property protection, undertaken when a disaster warning is received. |
| Primary Processing | refers to the physical alteration of raw agricultural or fishery products with or without the use of mechanical facilities. |
| Projection | A map projection is any of many methods used in cartography (mapmaking) to represent the two-dimensional curved surface of the earth or other body on a plane. The term "projection" here refers to any function defined on the earth's surface and with values on the plane, and not necessarily a geometric projection. |
| Post -Harvest Facilities | includes, but it is not limited to, threshers, moisture meters, dryers, weighing scales, milling equipment, fish ports, fish landings, ice plants and cold storage facilities, processing plants, warehouses, buying stations, market infrastructure and transportation. |
| Premature Conversion of Agricultural Land | refers to the undertaking of any development activity, the results of which modify or alter the physical characteristics of the agricultural lands to render them suitable for non-agricultural purposes, without an approved order of conversion from the DAR. |
| Public Forest | the mass of lands of the public domain which has not been the subject of the present system of classification for the determination of which lands are needed for forest purposes and which are not. |
| Raster | Also referred to as bitmap images, these are images that are represented by a sequence of pixels (picture elements) or points, which when taken together, describe the display of an image on an output device. There are many different raster image formats in use, among them GIF, JPEG, PCX, and TIFF. |
| Reaction | While mitigation is characterized by long-term actions, reaction aims at short-term actions in case of an occurring disaster. Reaction comprises preparedness, response and recovery. |
| Recovery | This constitutes the last step of post disaster actions, such as rebuilding or retrofitting of damaged structures. |
| Regional plan | (as defined for the purpose of ESPON 1.3.1 Hazards): The spatial plan of an administrative area (superior to the municipal level); is part of the official (national of federal) planning system; makes statements and/or determinations referring to the spatial and/or physical structure and development of a region (spatial distribution of land use: infrastructure, settlement, nature conservation areas etc.); has impacts on the subordinate levels of planning hierarchy (local level, e.g. municipal land use plans etc.); textual and cartographic determinations and information normally refer to the scale 1:50 000 to 1:100 000. |
| Regional Planning | Regional planning is the task of settling the spatial or physical structure and development by drawing up regional plans as an integrated part of the formalized planning system of a state. Thereby regional planning is required to specify aims of spatial planning which are drawn up for an upper, state, or federal state wide level. The regional level represents the vital link between the state-wide perspective for development and the concrete decisions on the land use taken at local level within the land-use planning of the municipalities. |
| Remote Sensing | A means of acquiring information using airborne equipment and techniques to determine the characteristics of an area. Aerial photographs from aircraft and satellite are the most common form of remote sensing |
| Resource Accounting | refers to a tracking changes in the environment and natural resources biophysically and economically (in monitory terms) |
| Resource-based | refers to the utilization of natural resources. |
| Response | The term of ”response” contains three different meanings: 1) as an element within the DPSIR chain, 2) in a general meaning as a spatial planning answer as proposed in the tender and 3) as a narrower term which describes specific reactions immediately after a disaster has occurred. Response in the broader sense means the sum of long-term actions (mitigation in terms of planning responses) and short-term actions (reaction) to prevent disasters or mitigate their impacts. In this case it is linked to the Response chain link of the DPSIR chain. In a narrower sense, response is a part of short-term actions (reaction) when a disaster occurs. Then, response means short-term emergency aid and assistance, such as search-and-rescue operations, during or following the disaster. |
| Risk | A combination of the probability or frequency of occurrence of a defined hazard and the magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence. More specific, a risk is defined as the probability of harmful consequences, or expected loss (of lives, people injured, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or human induced hazards. |
| Risk analysis | Risk analysis is the mathematical calculation including the analysis of a hazard (frequency, magnitude) and its consequences (damage potential). |
| Risk assessment | Risk assessment consists of risk estimation and risk evaluation. |
| Risk estimation | Risk estimation is concerned with the outcome or consequences of an intention taking account of the probability of occurrence. |
| Risk evaluation | Risk evaluation is concerned with determining the significance of the estimated risks for those affected: it therefore includes the element of risk perception. |
| Risk perception | Risk perception is the overall view of risk held by a person or group and includes feeling, judgment and group culture. |
| Risk reduction | Risk reduction may be defined as the “consequence of adjustment policies which intensify efforts to lower the potential for loss from future environmentally extreme events.” (Mileti, et al. 1981; Nigg and Mileti. 2002). Such adjustment policies may refer to a broad range of guidelines, legislation and plans that help to minimize damage potential (i.e. exposure to a hazard or maximizing coping capacity of a region or community by, e.g. guaranteeing resources and preparing adequate plans for pre-disaster mitigation and post-disaster response measures). Risk reduction involves both policy/regulatory issues and planning practices. In other words, risk reduction – as defined above – is the result of what has earlier been defined as risk management related response (prevention orientated mitigation, non-structural mitigation, structural mitigation, and reaction). |
| Rural Industrialization | refers to the process by which the economy is transformed from one that is predominantly agricultural to one that is dominantly industrial and service-oriented. Agriculture provides the impetus and push for industry and services through the market that it creates, the labor that it absorbs, and the income that it generates which is channeled to industry and services. As development continues, with agriculture still an important sector, industry and services begin to generate income and markets and concomitantly increase their share of total income. |
| Satellite Image | A picture of the earth taken from an earth-orbital satellite. Satellite images may be produced photographically or by on-board scanners (eg, MSS). |
| Storm Surge | A rise of the sea, preceding a storm (usually a hurricane) due to the winds of the storm and low atmospheric pressure. |
| Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZ)" | refers to the areas within the NAPAAD identified for production, Agro-Processing and marketing activities to help develop and modernize, either the support of government, the agriculture and fisheries sectors in an environmentally and socio-cultural sound manner. |
| Secondary Canal | refers to the channel connected to the main canal which distributes irrigation to specific areas. |
| Secondary Processing | refers to the physical transformation of semi-processed agricultural or fishery products |
| Sectoral planning | ’Sector’ in terms of ‘sectoral planning’ means the spatial planning under consideration of only one planning criteria (e.g. traffic, environmental heritage, etc.). Sectoral approaches are (in the ideal case) weighted and combined in the context of comprehensive development planning. Sectoral as well as comprehensive planning can take place on different administrative levels. |
| Sensitivity/highly sensitive areas | In general, sensitivity describes how a system responds to permanent influences. In the context of the ESPON 1.3.1 Hazards project, the highly sensitive areas are defined as those areas that are most sensitive towards the entirety of all hazards. In terms of the chosen methodology the highly sensitive areas are represented by risk intensities of 8, 9 and 10 (red, brown and black colours in the colour scheme of the synthetic risk map). |
| Shallow Tube Well (STW) | refers to a tube or shaft vertically set into the ground for the purpose of bringing ground water to the soil surface from a depth of less than 20 meters by suction lifting. |
| Small Farmers and Fisherfolk | refers to natural person dependent on small-scale subsistence farming and fishing activities as their primary source of income. |
| Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) | refers to any business activity or enterprise engaged in industry, agribusiness and/or services, whether single proprietorship, cooperative, partnership or corporation whose total assets, inclusive of those arising from loans but exclusive of the land on which the particular business entity's office, plan and equipment are situated, must have value falling under the following categories: Micro - not more than P 1,500,000 Small - P 1,500,001 to P 15,000,000 Medium - P15,000,001 to P 60,000,000 The Department, in consultation with the Congressional Oversight Committee on Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization, may adjust the above values as deemed necessary. |
| Spatial Data | Data that define a location. These are in the form of graphic primitives that are usually either points, lines, polygons or pixels. |
| Spatial typology | This is a general term that describes the result of a clustering process that is based on relevant spatial data. Consequently, the typology of regions is a spatial typology. |
| Socio-culturally Sound | means the consideration of the social structure of the community such as leadership pattern, distribution of roles across gender and age groups, the diversity of religion and other spiritual beliefs, ethnicity and cultural diversity of the population. |
| Technology-based | refers to utilization of technology. |
| Typology | At its simplest level, a typology involves the clustering of a large number of items (variety of descriptions) into smaller groups by virtue of their shared characteristics. In the ESPON 1.3.1 Hazards project, the term typology is used in different contexts: |
| Typology of regions | The typology of regions clusters areas in Europe, which are threatened by similar hazards. This typology does not consider the aspect of vulnerability and it is therefore a hazard based typology instead of a risk based typology. In the typology of regions, interactions between certain hazards are taken into consideration. |
| Typology of risk / risk typologisation | A risk typology clusters risks into groups by the characteristics of probability (and certainty of assessment), extent of damage (and certainty of assessment), ubiquity, persistency, irreversibility, delay effect and mobilization potential. The typology of risk distinguishes the risk types of Cyclops, Damocles, Pythia, Pandora, Cassandra and Medusa. |
| Vector Data | A coordinate-based data structure commonly used to represent map features. Each line feature is represented as a list of ordered x, y coordinated. Attributes are associated with the feature (as opposed to a raster data structure, which associates attributes with a grid cell). Traditional vector data structures include arc-node models vertex one point along a line. |
| Unclassified Lands | Lands which have not yet been subjected to land classification |
| Unique ID | |
| Urban Area | (1) If a barangay has a population size of 5,000 or more, then a barangay is considered urban, or (2) If a barangay has at least one establishment with a minimum of 100 employees, a barangay is considered urban, or (3) If a barangay has 5 or more establishments with a minimum of 10 employees, and 5 or more facilities within the two-kilometer radius from the barangay hall, then a barangay is considered urban. (Source: NSCB Resolution No. 9, Series of 2003) |
| Vulnerability | Vulnerability is the degree of fragility of a person, a group, a community or an area towards defined hazards. In a broader sense, vulnerability is defined as a set of conditions and processes resulting from physical, social, economical and environmental factors, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. Vulnerability is determined by the potential of a community to react and withstand a disaster, e.g. its emergency facilities and disaster organization structure (coping capacity). |
| Zoning | Zoning is the local governments’ tool that regulates land-use, promotes orderly growth, and protects existing property owners by ensuring a convenient, attractive and functional community. Zoning is the way the local governments control the physical development of land and the kinds of uses to which each individual property may be put. |
| Zoning Ordinance | refers to a local legislation approving the development land use plan and providing for the regulations and other conditions on the uses of land including the limitation of the infrastructure that may be placed within the territorial jurisdiction of a city or municipality. |